Apocynin attenuates diaphragm oxidative stress and protease activation during prolonged mechanical ventilation
Document Type
Article
Publication Title
Critical Care Medicine
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether apocynin protects the diaphragm from wasting and oxidative stress during mechanical ventilation (MV). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: Rats were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups: 1) acutely anesthetized control, 2) spontaneous breathing control, 3) spontaneously breathing control with administration of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, 4) mechanically ventilated, and 5) mechanically ventilated with apocynin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Apocynin attenuated MV-induced diaphragmatic oxidative stress, contractile dysfunction, and type I, type IIa, and type IIb/IIx myofiber atrophy. The apocynin-induced attenuation of MV-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction occurred in conjunction with a reduction in the small increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity as well as the preservation of total glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase protein abundance, and a decrease in the activation of the cysteine proteases, calpain-1 and caspase-3. Interestingly, independent of MV, apocynin increased diaphragmatic levels of calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor. Furthermore, treatment of skeletal muscle cells in culture (C2C12 myotubes) with apocynin resulted in an increase in both calpastatin mRNA levels and protein abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the protective effects of apocynin on the diaphragm during prolonged MV seem to be linked to both its functions as an antioxidant and role in cellular signaling regulating the cysteine protease inhibitor calpastatin. © 2009 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
First Page
1373
Last Page
1379
DOI
10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819cef63
Publication Date
1-1-2009
Recommended Citation
McClung, Joseph M.; Van Gammeren, Darin; Whidden, Melissa A.; Falk, Darin J.; Kavazis, Andreas N.; Hudson, Matt B.; Gayan-Ramirez, Ghislaine; Decramer, Marc; Deruisseau, Keith C.; and Powers, Scott K., "Apocynin attenuates diaphragm oxidative stress and protease activation during prolonged mechanical ventilation" (2009). Basic Sciences Faculty Publications. 48.
https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819cef63
https://collections.uhsp.edu/basic-sciences_pubs/48